There is one open-label intravenous safety pilot in two healthy adults, who received single doses of 10 mg and 20 mg with no comparator, no blinding, and short-term observation limited to vital signs, self reported symptoms and labs across two days [4]
These are not a validated dose ladder: the amounts shown are community / vendor research-use conventions [12] and an animal-derived patent figure [4] , not clinical doses
B12 deficiency is associated with a higher risk of developing depression
( a ) Fasting plasma GIP (CON n = 11, Gipr AP-KO n = 12), ( b ) total GLP-1 (CON n = 11, Gipr AP-KO n = 12) ( c ) insulin (CON n = 11, Gipr AP-KO n = 12), ( d ) food intake post IPGTT, ( e ) ad lib fed blood glucose, ( f ) RER, ( g ) energy expenditure (inset, with ANCOVA using BW as covariate), ( h ) ambulatory activity (x beam breaks) of std chow fed (lean) mice ( d - h : CON n = 11, Gipr AP-KO n = 13, symbols as defined in f)