TLR1, TLR2 and TLR4 activation results in augmented mitochondrial ROS production following recruitment of mitochondria to macrophage phagosomes, leading the way to increased mitochondrial and cellular ROS generation (West et al., 2011)
3.1.1 Impact of ROS on cellular function and atherosclerosis Elevated ROS can induce endothelial cell dysfunction or death, disrupting the vascular barrier and leading to vasoconstrictive and vasodilatory dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, inflammatory responses, and thrombosisprocesses intimately associated with various cardiovascular disorders, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and CHD (31)
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