Additional lifestyle factors that influence dementia risk: smoking, head trauma, alcohol, and sleep [19:45]
When free radicals damage the mitochondria, your cells cannot produce ATP as effectively
Additionally, the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), a metabolic product of lipid peroxides (LPO), validated significant LPO accumulation after ATA@Cu NPs treatment (Figure S11, Supporting Information), which is consistent with and likely a consequence of the elevated ROS
This observation may explain why semaglutide and other GLP-1 RAs ranked among the lowest-impact DM2 DMTs in our model compared to drugs such as metformin, which engage a broader range of metabolic and neuroprotective pathways (e.g., AMPK, insulin, and adipocytokine signaling)