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Refrigeration often extends shelf life even when not required

this process leads to the formation of lipid peroxides, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), which are highly reactive and cause cellular damage and inflammation ( Protein oxidation plays a critical role in the development of IBD ( HP1021 as a redox switch protein identified in Helicobacter pylori

Sze CI, Troncoso JC, Kawas C, Mouton P, Price DL, Martin LJ

Certain MC1R variants reduce the capacity for repair to damaged DNA [5], while the process of melanin biosynthesis, particularly of pheomelanin, may itself generate reactive oxygen species and other by-products that may be cytotoxic, genotoxic, or mutagenic causing DNA damage [4, 6]