Bleeding or bruising can occur, particularly in vascular EDS where vessels are fragile, indeed, in vEDS patients, even a minor injection could potentially cause a vascular injury or hematoma, so any procedure must be weighed against that risk
Abbreviations ALA: Alpha-lipoic acid (-lipoic acid) APO: Apocynin CAT: Catalase GPx: Glutathione peroxidase GR: Glutathione reductase GSH: Reduced glutathione GSHt: Total glutathione GSSG: Glutathione disulfide HFD: High-fat diet LFD: Low-fat diet OS: Oxidative stress OVA: Ovalbumin P: Probiotic ROS: Reactive oxygen species SFD: Standard fat diet SOD: Superoxide dismutase References Maniscalco M, Paris D, Melck DJ, DAmato M, Zedda A, Sofia M, Stellato C, Motta AJ
However, in genetically predisposed individuals, particularly those carrying autoimmune susceptibility genes such as the HLA-DRB1 haplotype, this process may inadvertently activate autoreactive T cells
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