doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1725842 Received 15 October 2025 Revised 29 November 2025 Accepted 30 November 2025 Published 19 February 2026 Volume 16 - 2025 Edited by Yongsheng Chen, Jinan University, China Reviewed by Ramoji Kosuru, Versiti Blood Research Institute, United States Ling Chen, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Updates Copyright 2026 Liu, Huang, Chen, Liang, Huang, Li, Xu and Xie
In this review, the two most studied neuronal excitatory factors, IL-1 and TNF-, are discussed as examples
Step 2: Choose your primary partners
It has the highest thermic effect of any macronutrient, meaning your body burns 20 to 30 percent of protein calories just digesting and processing them