Acetyl-L-carnitine and alpha-lipoic acid: possible neurotherapeutic agents for mood [PMID: 18491985] Laboratory literature summary: Acetyl-L-carnitine and alpha-lipoic acid: possible neurotherapeutic agents for mood disorders
It typically causes fatigue, hair loss, and is difficult to maintain long-term
Moreover, active efflux transporters, such as breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs), expel many therapeutic agents from the endothelial cells back into the bloodstream, significantly reducing their CNS infiltration 69,70
In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) accelerate ROS synthesis and fatty acid oxidation (Ahuja et al., 2022