However, those peptides were specifically engineered or selected partly for mucosal permeability
The researchers concluded that MOTS-c may serve as a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory pain.23 Bone growth MOTS-c promotes osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization, say the authors of a 2023 review.24 Osteoblasts, by the way, are cells that both form new bones and heal existing ones the more of them you have, the stronger and denser your bones are likely to be.25 So MOTS-cs osteoblast-promoting action is great news for anyone at high risk of developing osteoporosis, such as postmenopausal women.26 Quality of life Each of the health concerns weve addressed here metabolic dysfunction,27 increased body fat,28 decreased physical capacity,29 increased inflammation,30 and reduced bone density31 often correlates with advanced age, so it follows that attenuating these factors would result in a more robust and enjoyable aging experience

By ensuring adequate B12 levels, these injections can aid in maintaining nerve health and potentially reducing homocysteine levels, thereby supporting overall cardiovascular health
Wolffenbuttel is one of the few doctors in my personal opinion who seems to understand B12 deficiency