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Data availability All data analyzed in this publication were publicly available, including the human lung MSI and spotted mouse liver from METASPACE ( and the murine urinary bladder from the Proteomics Identifications Database (PXD001283) and the 10X Visium and MALDI (FMP-10 and DHB matrices) Parkinson mouse brain data ( The IDH -mutant tumor data are available from the BioImage Archive ( All data objects used for vignettes can also be found on the SpaMTP Zenodo community page ( Databases used for metabolite annotation include HMDB ( released November 2, 2021), ChEBI ( released September 1, 2023), LIPIDMAPS ( released September 15, 2023) and GNPS ( released April 21, 2025)
On the other hand, IGF-1 LR3 may also demonstrate anti-inflammatory properties and regeneration of cells, tissues, and skeletal health structures in experimental organisms during clinical trials
Moreover, in vitro studies of human and rat adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes revealed stimulatory effects of hCS on lipolysis.136, 137, 138 hCS also has been shown to increase theophylline-stimulated lipolysis, suggesting that the hormone enhances adipocyte sensitivity to other lipolytic agents.138 The effects of hCS extend to increased glucose uptake by adipocytes and oxidation and incorporation of glucose carbon into fatty acids and glycerol.139, 140 These actions are insulin-like, and subsequent studies have indicated that hCS augments adipose sensitivity to insulin in rat models