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The incidence of severe postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (PPHH) with neuroglycopenic symptoms after RYGB was found to be 11.6%
Abbreviations ADA: Adenosine deaminase ADVANCE: Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation Afib: Atrial fibrillation BNP: Brain natriuretic peptide cAMP: Cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate CI: Confidence interval CKD: Chronic kidney disease CVD: Cardiovascular disease CVOTs: Cardiovascular outcome trials DPP-4: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 DPP-4i: DPP-4 inhibitor eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate FDA: Food and Drug Administration GAS: Interferon-gamma-activated sequence GIP: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1 GLP-1R: GLP-1 receptor GLP-1RAs: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin HDL: High-density lipoprotein HF: Heart failure HNF-1: Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 HR: Hazard ratio hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein IL-12: Interleukin-12 IVUS: Intravascular ultrasound LDL: Low-density lipoprotein LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction MACE: Major adverse cardiovascular events MI: Myocardial infarction MMPs: Matrix metalloproteases PAI-1: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention PKA: Protein kinase A PWV: Pulse wave velocity SGLT-2i: Sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors STAT1: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus TGF-: Transforming growth factor- TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4 TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor- TRIF: TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon- UKPDS: United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study VLDL: Very low-density lipoprotein References Rao Kondapally Seshasai S, Kaptoge S, Thompson A, Di Angelantonio E, Gao P, Sarwar N, et al
While results vary from person to person, most individuals begin noticing changes in appetite and improved blood sugar control within a few weeks
10.1111/obr.13177 31
