10.1016/S0006-2952(03)00504-5 Biochem
Bio-friendly phospholipid bilayers protect nutrients in transit from digestive and enzymatic breakdown, while supporting quick sustained cellular uptake
It was originally isolated in 1977 from the cerebral venous blood of rabbits and has since been found to be present in small amounts in human brains and plasma, with higher concentrations later in the day.3 4 It, or a similar substance, is also present at higher concentrations in human breast milk.5 Because DSIP can cross the blood-brain barrier and is easily absorbed via the gut (unusual for a peptide), some researchers have hypothesized that it may facilitate post-feeding sleep tendencies among newborns, though it remains unclear whether DSIP truly has a hand in neonate sleep-wake cycles.4 5 6 Its mechanism of action is likewise unclear, but it may have something to do with endocrine regulation
True B12 deficiency can show up as increased shedding, brittle hair, slow regrowth, and pale or inflamed skin especially in vegans, older adults, and people on certain medications