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S., & Mouly, V

Other gut hormone-based drugs have recently been introduced to the clinic or are still under clinical development and promise to be even more effective than semaglutide, such as the dual GLP-1R and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide receptor (GIPR) agonist tirzepatide [4] and the triple GLP-1R, GIPR, and glucagon receptor (GR) agonist retatrutide [5]

showed that the activation of GLP-1R by liraglutide could protect chondrocytes against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, and inflammation by decreasing the release of inflammatory mediators 35 in a surgically induced rat model of OA knee

The STEP 8 trial (published in JAMA, 2022) enrolled 338 adults with overweight or obesity, without type 2 diabetes, and randomised them to receive either semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly or liraglutide 3.0 mg daily for 68 weeks