For the former, approximately six pipelines target obesity and seven target diabetes, with only one in advanced stages for each indication

Inflammatory mediators secreted from these immune cells, such as chemokines, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), can disturb the functional activity of the vascular endothelium ( It is well-known that naive T cells are stimulated by antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and T cells can differentiate into different types of effector T-cells: Th1 cells, Th2 cells, Th17 cells, and Treg cells ( Inflammation and oxidative stress result in a series of vascular stress reactions, causing vascular endothelial dysfunction, which then leads to hypertension ( Investigating the regulatory activity of DPP-4 upon the inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress associated with elevated BP may provide us with good expectations for the future use of DPP-4i in the treatment of hypertension, especially in patients with inflammation
It is exactly the same drug but as it is broken down by digestion a much larger dose needs to be administered
Semaglutide targets only GLP-1 receptors , while tirzepatide activates both GLP-1 and GIP receptors simultaneously