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The molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways by which GLP-1 improves sarcopenia.GLP-1 binds to GLP-1RA and exerts physiological effects through the PI3K/Akt and cAMP/PKA signaling pathways.GLP-1 mainly promotes muscle protein synthesis through the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 pathway.The catabolism of muscle is mediated by specific transcription factors, such as FOXO proteins and NF-KB, and the activation of these transcription factors is triggered by extracellular stimuli or JAK-STAT signaling.GLP-1 can also improve mitochondrial function, reduce oxidative stress, and promote autophagy
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doi: 10.3748/WJG.V30.I23.2964 60 MacDonaldPEEl-kholyWRiedelMJSalapatekAMFLightPEWheelerMB
