Groups at higher risk of deficiency include older adults (due to reduced stomach acid production), people following vegan or strict vegetarian diets (as B12 is naturally found almost exclusively in animal products), individuals with pernicious anaemia or other malabsorption conditions, those taking certain medications such as metformin or proton pump inhibitors long-term, and people with significant nitrous oxide exposure (including recreational use), which can inactivate B12 in the body
The rationale involves their complementary mechanisms: BPC-157 provides targeted, local healing support with strong effects on angiogenesis and growth factor signaling
Kadur Lakshminarasimha Murthy, P
There can be some small risks with some types of hormone replacements, but with proper modern optimization protocols that can augment your own natural hormone production, these risks are generally avoidable, rare, or temporary, meaning any risks can easily be minimized by tailoring protocols to your specific personal needs and physiology