Furthermore, concentrations of up to 300 mM glucose do not induce GLP-1 secretion from colonic human mucosa because GLP-1 producing L-cells barely express SGLT1 ( Consistently, the use of -methyl-D-glucopyranoside (MDG), an acaloric substrate of SGLT1, within 5 min triggers the release of GLP-1 as glucose does, demonstrating how it is the sodium current that triggers the release of the incretin, and not the metabolic ATP-driven arrest of potassium currents and following calcium spike ( The pharmacological blockage of SGLT-1 with phloridzin, in a rat small intestine perfused system, results in just a halved secretion of GIP, GLP-1, or PYY, and the addition of phloretin, a GLUT2 inhibitor, brings these values down to basal levels

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Our in vitro GSH detection assays also revealed an accumulation of GSH in melatonin treated cells that was not found in vehicle controls