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In the absence of enough iron in cells, an iron starvation response begins, increasing iron availability by increasing TFCR1 and decreasing the levels of FTH and ferroportin (FPN) ( 2.1.2 Iron homeostasis Under normal circumstances, intracellular iron maintains a subtle balance through the iron transport system ( Iron homeostasis dysregulation is involved in ferroptosis, and multiple iron metabolism regulatory factors work together to maintain iron homeostasis ( 2+ levels and lipid peroxidation, inhibiting ferroptosis ( 2.2 Ferroptosis and lipid metabolism The conversion of lipids into membrane phospholipids and the occurrence of peroxidation are necessary conditions for ferroptosis ( Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4) and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 are key enzymes involved in the process of lipid peroxidation ( 2.3 Ferroptosis and amino acid metabolism Ferroptosis is closely related to amino acid metabolism ( 2.3.1 Negative regulatory factors of System Xc - Inhibiting cysteine uptake by System Xc - can inhibit the synthesis of GSH, leading to the accumulation of peroxides in the body and the induction of ferroptosis ( 2.3.2 GPX4: a core regulator of ferroptosis Ferroptosis is related to the inactivation of GPX4 ( 2.4 Ferroptosis and antioxidant pathways Under physiological conditions, when cells undergo lipid peroxidation, multiple antioxidant pathways counteract this change