Severe mental illness (SMI) and physical health inequalities: briefing
( a ) Fasting plasma GIP (CON n = 11, Gipr AP-KO n = 12), ( b ) total GLP-1 (CON n = 11, Gipr AP-KO n = 12) ( c ) insulin (CON n = 11, Gipr AP-KO n = 12), ( d ) food intake post IPGTT, ( e ) ad lib fed blood glucose, ( f ) RER, ( g ) energy expenditure (inset, with ANCOVA using BW as covariate), ( h ) ambulatory activity (x beam breaks) of std chow fed (lean) mice ( d - h : CON n = 11, Gipr AP-KO n = 13, symbols as defined in f)
After first-line treatments and diagnostics, including diet change, addition of probiotics, and fecal analysis, were performed, a GI panel determined serum cobalamin, folate, and trypsin-like immunoreactivity
Oral GLP-1s simplify distribution and patient access but cause significantly greater complexity upstream in the value chain, creating a distinct set of operational challenges