In addition to this, 3-Octanone, methenamine, 3-Methylpyridine, nonanal, acetoin, 2-Pentanone, 2-Heptanone may be observed depending on the type of starter culture used (162164)
These compounds reduce central neuroinflammation by lowering interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), and limiting oxidative stress ( On the other side, current trends in precision psychiatry aim to classify subpopulations of patients with inflammatory depression, characterized by elevated markers of inflammation, increased glucose and lipid levels, neurovegetative symptoms, anxiety or irritability, and suicidal ideation (Wessa et al., 2026)
Currently, it is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, so doctors can't prescribe it and pharmacies can't sell it
These effects are typically dose-dependent and may diminish over time