This work was funded by Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, RS-2025-02218354, Sun-Ki Kim, Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology, RS-2025-02307907, Sun-Ki Kim, Chung-Ang University, Graduate Research Scholarship (Academic Scholarship for the College of Biotechnology, Sang-Hun Do, Natural Resources) in 2024, Sang-Hun Do
3 Mechanisms of action of natural supplements against breast cancer 3.1 Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways The chronic inflammatory microenvironment in the breast activates nuclear factor-B (NF-B), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), signalling transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3), activator protein-1, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling cascades
Additionally, supporting just the thyroid may weaken the adrenals and immune balance, which will, in turn, perpetuate the vicious cycle
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