Non-human-primate findings require confirmation through properly designed human studies before a treatment claim can be considered
However, since absorption into the body from the gut appears limited, injectable forms are still used for bodywide effects
NHS B12 therapy is evidence-based for documented deficiency, using hydroxocobalamin 1mg intramuscularly with standardised protocols
ORCID: Affiliation: 6 Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurocincias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal 7 Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, CCUL (CCUL@RISE), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal These authors contributed equally to this work