The best evidence for weight loss comes from a meta-analysis of 37 trials: a modest average reduction of about 1.2 kg (under 3 lbs), mostly in adults who are overweight
4 In another study evaluating topical glutathiones role on UV-induced erythema, Grandi et al 9 found that subjects pre-treated with S-acyl glutathione 2% cream, a linoleic acid pre-conjugate, had a significantly lower minimal erythema dose compared to placebo, indicating UV protective properties ( p =0.0003)
found that carnitine supplementation in women with PCOS had beneficial effects on weight loss and lipid profiles (41)
doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1662442 Received 09 July 2025 Accepted 18 August 2025 Published 25 September 2025 Volume 15 - 2025 Edited by Yuanwei Zhang, Nanjing Normal University, China Reviewed by Estela Ruiz-Baca, Jurez University of the State of Durango, Mexico Antonio Vitiello, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy Hu Pengjie, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China Updates Copyright 2025 Li, Liu, Jiang, Yang, Ni, Zhang and Tan