Topical serums on intact skin produce modest results (7% at 16 weeks)
That is a huge effect But taking NAC every single day if you train hard is potentially counterproductive Exercise creates a burst of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) which is actually what triggers adaptation: muscle growth, cardiovascular improvement
NAD + metabolism in physiological function Serving as crucial co-enzymes for redox reactions and co-substrates for NAD + -dependent enzymes, NAD + and its metabolites function as a regulatory hub controlling a broad range of physiological processes, including redox homeostasis, genomic stability, gene expression, RNA processing, energy metabolism, immunity and inflammation, and circadian clock
(PubMed) Zeng T, Zhang CL, Song FY, et al