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Do not freeze it, as the freeze-thaw cycle can degrade the peptide
Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell production and DNA synthesis
Other malabsorption causes include: Atrophic gastritis and reduced gastric acid production (common in older adults) Gastrointestinal surgery, particularly gastrectomy, ileal resection, or bariatric surgery (especially gastric bypass) Inflammatory bowel disease affecting the terminal ileum (Crohn's disease) Coeliac disease and other small bowel disorders Chronic pancreatitis affecting enzyme secretion Helicobacter pylori infection (may contribute to reduced absorption) Medication-related deficiency is increasingly recognised
For deficiency, weekly injections are common during the loading phase, and monthly maintenance is standard long-term
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