Notably, elevated ROS levels also play a pivotal role in non-parenchymal cell damage within the digestive system, as exemplified in PHG associated with cirrhosis [368, 369]
This system releases ethyl caffeate (EC) and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA) in response to ROS at the IRI site, synergistically scavenging ROS, alleviating mitochondrial oxidative damage, restoring energy metabolism, inhibiting apoptosis and inflammatory responses, and significantly improving renal function and structural integrity [67]
Infante JP, Tschanz CL, Shaw N, Michaud AL, Lawrence P, Brenna JT
The gel is usually used once or twice daily, as directed by a healthcare professional, and can be part of a long-term management plan to keep rosacea symptoms under control