Human studies vary in design, but several themes repeat
However, given the associated risks of cardiovascular disease and various cancers, the benefits of these medications, such as better glycemic control, weight loss and improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors as well as other obesity complications, appear to outweigh the risks for most adults with obesity [143, 153]
The goal is to use enough medication to support meaningful clinical improvement while preserving nutrition, muscle, function, and long-term adherence
As an additional example to that of the trefoil peptides noted above, the peptide EGF (epidermal growth factor) is produced in human milk to promote growth of the gastrointestinal tract in newborn infants, but the same peptide aggressively stimulates the growth of breast cancer cells in adults