In an early study, Moens et al
These were not head-to-head studies, so the numbers should not be used to calculate precisely how much more effective the injection is
The activation of cAMP-PKA signaling in gut IELs can inhibit the phosphorylation of Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase-70 (ZAP-70), stopping the signal from TCR, resulting in the inhibition of the immunological response of T cells (Wong et al., 2022
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