A broad panel of antibodies was employed, including those for FOXO4, p53, phospho-p53, p21, p16, cleaved-Caspase3, BAX, BCL-2, testosterone synthesis enzymes (3-HSD, CYP11A1, CYP17A1), and various SASP factors (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-, TGF-)
The history of KPV is closely tied to the study of the alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (-MSH), a peptide hormone known for its role in pigmentation, inflammation, and immune modulation
Additionally, these biomolecules face issues such as off-target effects and difficulty in crossing biological membrane barriers, which to a certain extent hinder the exertion of drug efficacy (328, 329)
Symptoms of Slow Recovery: Muscle fatigue that lingers, decreased performance, a feeling of "heavy" legs, and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) that overstays its welcome