For example, high-fat feeding alters the small intestinal microbiota to increase intestinal, brain, and circulatory levels of taurine-conjugated bile acids, including and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), which is an FXR agonist 272
Additionally, liver volume decreased significantly, and improvements were observed in biomarkers of hepatic injury and inflammation, suggesting potential antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties in these models
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Indeed, gut bacteria play a central role in this metabolic framework by expressing BSH and downstream enzymes that deconjugate primary bile acids (synthesized from cholesterol in the liver) and transform them into secondary bile acids, profoundly modifying their physicochemical properties, intestinal reabsorption, and receptor signaling (80)