Chemokine gradients, notably CCL2-CCR2, CXCL10-CXCR3, and CX3CL1-CX3CR1, promote the selective trafficking of monocytes, inflammatory macrophages, Th1/Th17 T cells, and NK cells into the perivascular region and then into the parenchyma [126]
While early studies demonstrated that L-carnitine supplementation could promote physical growth in preterm infants, primarily evidenced by enhanced weight gain, current evidence supporting its efficacy in ameliorating extrauterine growth restriction remains insufficient
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The hallmark of NAFLD is hepatic steatosis, but the disease also encompasses non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterized by hepatic inflammation, hepatocyte damage, and fibrosis, highlighting the potentially progressive nature of the disease