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This reduces the toxic burden on the liver and prevents cellular damage
FDR, false discovery rate
Additionally, mRNA expression levels of RUNX-2 and ALP, two key osteogenic markers, were found to be 1.6- and 1.8-fold higher, respectively, in differentiated cells compared to undifferentiated controls
OT knockout mice used to confirm central versus peripheral effects Prairie voles Key model for social bonding research given natural pair-bonding behavior regulated by oxytocin/vasopressin systems Rhesus macaques Used in pharmacokinetic and neuroimaging studies with better translational validity than rodents Humans Unusually for a research peptide, a substantial body of randomized controlled trial data exists Cell culture OXTR-transfected cell lines used for binding and signaling studies Research Limitations & Regulatory Status Critical Gaps in Current Evidence Despite a large and growing body of research, the intranasal oxytocin field faces substantial replication challenges and mechanistic uncertainties that have tempered earlier enthusiasm
