Tsai et al., 2021) and incretin-based drugs, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4-Is
However, in the handful of studies that have used NaHCO 3 or citrate in hypoxic conditions, six studies have shown no ergogenic effect [131,132,133,134,135,136], while one study has shown an increase in the anaerobic ( W ) component, which would be suggestive of a performance enhancement, at simulated altitude (14.5% O 2
Common signs include: Fatigue and weakness Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet Difficulty walking or balance problems Mood changes, such as depression or anxiety Cognitive difficulties, including memory loss or confusion If not treated, a B12 deficiency can cause serious problems
They might offer mild nutritional perks: Ingredients like fibre and protein do help with satiety and blood sugar balance