Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests heterogeneous effects of GLP1RAs on cancer risk: the incidence of hepatocellular, oesophageal, endometrial, ovarian and prostate cancers might be reduced, whereas safety concerns persist with respect to thyroid (both medullary and non-medullary) carcinomas
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A recent study in ATC cells showed that metformin increased NIS mRNA and protein expression (as well as mRNA of thyroglobulin, TSHR, and NKX2.1) acting also as a demethylating agent ( Finally, some studies also showed that metformin could synergize with other drugs increasing their anti-cancer effects
Among the diverse cell death modalities implicated in stroke pathogenesis, ferroptosis-an iron-dependent programmed cell death pathway characterized by lipid peroxidation-has emerged as a critical driver of ischemic neurodegeneration ( First described in 2012, ferroptosis is characterized by mitochondrial cristae shrinkage, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation, and lethal lipid peroxide accumulation through iron-dependent Fenton reactions (Li, 2020)