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Abbreviations AD: Alzheimer Disease Akt: Protein Kinase B AMPK: AMP-activated Protein Kinase BMI: Body Mass Index BDNF: Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor cAMP: Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate CNS: Central Nervous System CREB: CAMP Response Element-Binding Protein DATSPECT: Dopamine Transporter Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography DRS2: Dementia Rating Scale-2 FDGPET: Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography GDNF: Glial Cell-Derived Neurotrophic Factor GIP: Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide GIPR: Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor GLP1: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 GLP1RA: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c IL6: Interleukin-6 IRS1: Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 LED: Levodopa Equivalent Dose MADRS: Montgomery-sberg Depression Rating Scale MDSUPDRS: Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinsons Disease Rating Scale MPPT: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mTOR: Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin NFKB: Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of Activated B Cells NMSS: Non-Motor Symptoms Scale PD: Parkinsons Disease PGC1: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase PT320: Sustained-Release Formulation of Exenatide ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species SNpc: Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta T2D: Type 2 Diabetes TNF: Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha TrkB: Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase B UPDRS: Unified Parkinsons Disease Rating Scale References De Pablo-Fernandez E, Courtney R, Holton JL, Warner TT
Both were discontinued in 2008 and approval was withdrawn effective 18 June 2009
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