Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory signalling: Published research has shown interactions with antioxidant defence systems and inflammatory signalling pathways in laboratory models, including modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine activity and upregulation of antioxidant enzyme expression
Some patients taper off once they reach and maintain their goal through lifestyle habits
However, limitations include the use of only male rats, restricting generalizability across sexes, reliance on a single exercise protocol, endpoint-only measurements without time-series analysis, and the absence of mechanistic investigations such as signaling pathways or histological analyses
Senousy SR, Ahmed AF, Abdelhafeez DA, Khalifa MMA, Abourehab MAS, El-Daly M