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PMID: 47 CohenTDRudmanYTurjemanAAkirovASteinmetzTCalvaryskyBet al
[1] [4] When B12 is deficient, myelin production is impaired, leading to demyelinationthe breakdown of this protective sheathwhich results in abnormal nerve signalling perceived as pain, tingling, or numbness
& Guigas, B
In terms of biomarkers, researchers are focusing on developing more sensitive and specific inflammatory markers (e.g., IL-1, IL-6, TNF-) and immune cell phenotypic markers (e.g., M1/M2 macrophage ratio, Treg/Th17 balance) to identify inflammatory OA subtypes and predict disease progression (148150)
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