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However, a significant decrease in insulinotropic activity was observed with GIP in diabetic patient with hyperglycemia, whereas relatively preserved activity was noted with GLP-1 in the same patients (58), suggesting divergent effects of GIP and GLP-1 on -cells ( Figure 1 Section B)
The role of insulin-like growth factor-I and its binding proteins in glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes
Research indicates that genetic variation in GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR), and metabolic genes like FTO and MC4R may influence individual response to GLP-1 agents, though clinical application is still evolving
Additional Benefits: Helps regulate mood and sleep via serotonin production Supports immune function Reduces the risk of nerve irritation or neuropathy in diabetics Possible Side Effects: At therapeutic doses, it is very safe
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