The foundational obesity finding comes from Kraus and colleagues (Nature, 2014), who showed that knocking down NNMT protected mice against diet-induced obesity establishing NNMT as a metabolic target in the first place
Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 PeptideLiterature and Patent Review, Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Skrtic A, Staresinic M, Strbe S, Vuksic A, Sikiric S, Bekic D, Soldo D, Grizelj B, Novosel L, Beketic Oreskovic L, Oreskovic I, Stupnisek M, Boban Blagaic A, Dobric I, Pharmaceuticals (Basel), Pharmaceuticals, 2025 Sep 28;18(10):1450
Combines tirzepatide with glycine and vitamin B12 in one formulation
Key areas of investigation include: Gastrointestinal : Demonstrated protection against NSAID-induced ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease models, and esophageal damage in multiple animal studies Musculoskeletal : Accelerated healing of transected Achilles tendons, quadriceps muscles, and medial collateral ligaments in rat models Neurological : Neuroprotective effects in models of traumatic brain injury, nerve crush injury, and dopaminergic system damage Organ protection : Hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and nephroprotective effects demonstrated in various toxicity models The primary limitation is that all evidence comes from animal models